The Setting of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman

Young Goodman Brown the Setting Clarice Swisher in Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography states that critics of Nathaniel Hawthorne must deal with . . . imagery of light and dark (13). There are more dimensions to Hawthornes ambit in Young Goodman Brown than light and dark, but these aspects do play a part. It is the purpose of this essay to explore the elements in the setting in this short story the worldwide locale, the historical time, the social circumstances in which the action occur, and various physical settings in the tale (Abrams 284). The tale opens at Goodman and religious belief Browns manse in Salem village, a small town in Massachusetts. Regarding the dating of the story Since three Salem women mentioned in the story, of whom two were hanged, were accused in 1692, the scene must be set somewhere before that date (Wagenknecht 60). In the doorway of a small house on a small street in this small town, the protagonist is telling his wife goodbye and she is trying to dis suade him from his planned adventure on this particular night. Most of the elements in this setting are positive, bright, hopeful a sunset a familiar street and home pink ribbons on Faiths cap. The atmosphere is good but night is soon coming. As Goodman departs and walks down the street past the meeting-house, the environment begins to deteriorate as he turns onto a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through, and closed immediately behind.His new setting in the woods is lonely, has solitude, and reflects Goodmans footsteps, which are lonely. His suspicion and fear grow as he reflects There may be a devilish Indian ... ... the general locale, the historical time, the social circumstances in which the action occur, and various physical settings for specific episodes within the tale. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. new-fashioned York Harcourt Brace College Publishers , 1999. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/goodman/goodmantext.html Leavis, Q.D. Hawthorne as Poet. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Swisher, Clarice. Nathaniel Hawthorne a Biography. In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1996. Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

Socialist Opposition to Genetic Engineering :: Argumentative Persuasive Crops Essays

socialist Opposition to Genetic EngineeringA debate is ragging over the advancements existence made in genetic engineering. Scientist discovered that genes argon the map of every aspect of a living organism, this has furthermore led to the prospect of altering this coding. By modifying ones genes parents will one day be able to pick the color of their unborn childs eyes and farmers will train the ability to develop plants that will produce bigger and healthier harvest. With the growing anticipation that some feel towards genetically modified crops others question it effects on the surrounding environments. Often pesticides are more intemperately relied on for genetically modified crops and some cases have found pollination decreased in areas reign by GM plants. Since there are so many aspects of genetic modification that have yet to be explored, much more research is essential before distributing GM seeds internationally, but from the information already available the sides have begun to divide. Published in Socialism Today, the monthly journal of the Socialist Party, Manipulating life genetically engineered crops is an article written by Bill Hopwood. The piece is created for an audience of Socialist party members to express their opposition against the dominance of government, big business, and support of efforts to meet the ask of society as a whole. From the Socialist Party USA web site it is stated that We support agricultural worker cooperatives, and oppose large bodied factory farms that lower food quality, cause profound damage to the environment, push farmers off the land, cruelly treat animals, and wreck small town culture. All Socialist efforts are focused around the ideals that workers and consumers are the ultimate controller over production. To convey the Socialist position on genetically engineered crops, evidential fallacy is heavily used along with the support of ethos appeals, pathos and logos. The articles main objective is st ated by Mr. Hopwood proposing that big business will gain withal much power from genetic engineering The growing international opposition to genetically engineered crops raises the important issue who runs society and to what end? The introduction to the article and the following(a) six paragraphs are not composed of opinions or viewpoints. The general facts and methods of genetic engineering are described, and the companies behind the research are introduced. Loaded words are used in this part of the article but are not very common.

What Goes on at the IWC :: IWC Marine Life Whaling Essays

What Goes on at the IWC-------There Leviathan, Hugest of living creatures, on the deep Stretched like a promontory sleeps or swims, And seems a moving land and at his gills Draws in, and at his trunk spouts out a sea.Paradise LostOverexploitation is not limited to land resources alone. Just as our precious terrestrial and coastal habitats ar delicate and too easily destroyed, so are the species of the open sea. Whales, some of the biggest and most powerful mammals on earth, are not strong enough to protect themselves from our murderous actions. Since the first few centuries A.D., Japan and Norway have been whaling. The Dutch, British and Americans started a few hundred years ago. In the beginning, small boats and hand-thrown harpoons were used, but as technology advanced to fast motorboats, factory ships (on which whales are run for months at a time, cleaning and processing them at sea) and exploding harpoons, killing ability increased and more whales died. So many more, in fact, that several species have been threatened almost to the point of extinction. The California Gray whale was hunted almost to extinction in the last 1800s, then recovered, was hunted almost to extinction again by factory ships in the 1930s and 1940s, and recovered one time more (Bryant). The species has been removed from the endangered species list, but they will be hunted again. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) began regulating whaling in 1946. Regulation consisted of hunting quotas given to appendage nations, but the quotas were too high and whale populations declined. Many species have been reduced to commercial extinction (Doyle) in which they are too rare to be outlay hunting, and many local populations have been eliminated. The Northern right whales numbers are down to 325 in the North Atlantic and only 250 in the North Pacific, and the species is video display no signs of recovery (Bryant). Once blue whales were hunted so that only about 450 remain in the Antarctic . . .two-tenths of one percent of the initial population size (www.seaweb.org), the louvre whale was targeted, then the sei whale, then the minke and humpback. All were hunted down to a fraction of the original populations. In 1982, the IWC passed an indefinite moratorium on all whale hunting, putt an end to almost all commercial whaling, which, at its peak, meant the death of more than 50,000 whales a year. Some species have responded to this protection with increased numbers, and some have not.

Essay on Adas Metamorphosis to Independent Woman in Cold Mountain

Adas Metamorphosis to Independent Woman in Cold Mountain   As Ada arrives at Black Cove, she and her father are completely extempore for a life of independence. The ride there becomes the first of their problems. A new horse and cabriolet were purchased for the trip, but that was their first mistake. The rain fell aslant, coming at their faces so that the top of the carriage did little good in sheltering them from it (55). Monroe, Adas father, had no idea on how to get to Cold Mountain, and At each fork, Monroe simply guessed at the route they ought to take (55). Adas life in Charleston was one of aristocracy. She enjoyed balls, parties, and suitors, none of which helped her in any way at Black Cove. Ruby comments that she could only react at the lives so useless that they required missing sleep and paddling about on a river for pleasure (144).   Rubys arrival helps Ada immensely. Without Rubys help the garden would never me more than weeds that Ada could not name and had neither the energy nor the heart to fight (28). Ruby was constantly planning...

Gulf War :: essays research papers

Contr oversial Issues Justifying the Persian Gulf WarOn January 16, 1991 the Gulf War had officially started, and for good reason. In revered of 1990, Saddam Hussein sent armies to Kuwait, to take it over. When the United States had unwittingly given Saddam help when fighting against the Iranians, we had also given him a military that was oneness of the worlds largest and most lethal. And so, when Saddam did not comply with the ultimatum that the U.S. had given him, Congress voted for the use of force.Oil was the major reason that Saddam wished to take over Kuwait. In 1962, Kuwait was finally recognized as an independent country, the U.S. wanted it back that way. August 3, 1991, just one day after the invasion, the U.N. Security Council demanded the immediate and unconditional withdraw of Iraqs troops. Later, the Council proclaimed an economic restraint against Iraq. Saddam still would not yield. The major concern about Saddam was his weapons that he had the military force to st art a biological warfare. Ironically, it was the U.S. that had supported him with these weapons, helping him build his massive military. The idea of a biological war brings great anxiety to most people, so it was, of course, up to the U.N to stop it.However, people still remembered Vietnam and didnt like the idea of it happening all over again. When Saddam would no relent, the Council took action by displace him an ultimatum leave Kuwait by January 15, 1991, or U.N. forces would use all necessary means to drive out Iraq. Of course it held no sway over Saddam, so the next day, the U.N. sent over its forces and in three days had liberated Kuwait, though Saddam was not dislodged from power, and is still there to this day.

Gulf War :: essays research papers

Controversial Issues Justifying the Persian Gulf struggleOn January 16, 1991 the Gulf War had officially started, and for good reason. In August of 1990, ibn Talal Hussein Hussein sent armies to Kuwait, to take it over. When the United States had unwittingly given Saddam help when fighting against the Iranians, we had to a fault given him a military that was ane of the worlds largest and most lethal. And so, when Saddam did not comply with the ultimatum that the U.S. had given him, Congress voted for the use of force.Oil was the major reason that Saddam wished to take over Kuwait. In 1962, Kuwait was finally recognized as an independent country, the U.S. wanted it back that way. August 3, 1991, just one day after the invasion, the U.N. Security Council demanded the immediate and unconditional withdraw of Iraqs troops. Later, the Council proclaimed an economic restraint against Iraq. Saddam save would not yield. The major tint about Saddam was his weapons that he had the power t o start a biological contendfare. Ironically, it was the U.S. that had supported him with these weapons, helping him build his massive military. The idea of a biological war brings great anxiety to most people, so it was, of flow, up to the U.N to stop it.However, people still remembered Vietnam and didnt like the idea of it happening all over again. When Saddam would no relent, the Council took action by sending him an ultimatum leave Kuwait by January 15, 1991, or U.N. forces would use all necessary means to drive out Iraq. Of course it held no sway over Saddam, so the next day, the U.N. sent over its forces and in three days had liberated Kuwait, though Saddam was not dislodged from power, and is still there to this day.

Analysis of Cloud Computing Architectures

Laptops, PDA, and Smoothnesss). Computational power and battery life s angiotensin-converting enzyme of the major issues of these alert devices. To everywherecome these problems cl mavins of mobile devices are created on debase servers. In this paper, we define clone corrupt architecture and brutalized concealing architecture in blotch computing. toller blotch is for the seamless use of ambient computation to augment mobile device finishs, making them fast and energy efficient and in a Brutalized hiding screen rendering is done in the calumniate and get downed as images to the client for interactive display.This enables thin-client mobile devices to enjoy many computationally intensive and graphically well-fixed function. Keywords demoralise Computing, Service Models, toller Cloud, Brutalized conceal l. Introduction Cloud Computing has been one of the most booming technology among the professional of Information Technology and too the Business due to its Elastici ty in the space occupation and also the better support for the software system and the Infrastructure it attracts more technology specialist towards it.Cloud plays the vital role in the Smart Economy, and the possible regulatory changes required in implementing better Applications by exploitation the potential of Cloud The main advantage of the blotch is that it gives the low bell implementation for infrastructure and some senior higher business units like Google, MM, and Microsoft offer the confuse for Free of cost for the Education system, so it tail assembly be used in right way which will provide high quality education 3. A.Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud computing git be classified by the model of service it offers into one of trine assorted groups. These will be described using the AAAS taxonomy, first used by Scott Maxwell in 2006, where X is Software, Platform, or Infrastructure, and the final S is for Service. It is important to note, as shown in Figure, tha t AAAS is built on pull, and the latter(prenominal) on alas. Hence, this is not an excluding overture to classification, but rather it concerns the level of the service provided.Each of these service models is described in the following subsection. pick Fig. 1 Cloud computing Architecture 1) alas (Infrastructure as a Service) The capability provided to the customer of alas is raw storage space, computing, or mesh topology resources with which the customer back end run and execute an operating system, applications, or any software that they choose. The most basic cloud service is alas 7. In this service, cloud providers offer computers as physical or as virtual machines and other resources. Pass (Platform as a Service) In the case of Pass, the cloud provider not only provides the hardware, but they also provide a toolkit and a number of back up programming languages to build higher level services. The users of Pass are typically software developers who host their applications o n the platform and provide these applications to the end-users. In this service, cloud providers deliver a computing platform including operating system, programming languages writ of execution milieu, database and electronic network servers. ) AAAS (Software as a Service) The AAAS customer is an end-user of complete applications running on a cloud infrastructure and offered on a platform on-demand. The applications are typically get atible finished a thin client interface, such as a web browser. In this service, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. This service is based on the concept of renting software from a service provider rather than buying it.It is currently the most popular type of cloud computing because of its high flexibility, great services, enhanced capability and less maintenance. B. Deployment Models Clouds can also be classified based upon the underlying infrastructure dep loyment del as Public, Private, Community, or Hybrid clouds. The diverse infrastructure deployment models are distinguishing by their architecture, the location of the data center where the cloud is realized, and the needs of the cloud providers customers 4. Several technologies are related to cloud computing, and the cloud has emerged as a convergence of several computing trends. ) Types of Cloud Computing Environments The cloud computing environment can consist of multiple types of clouds based on their deployment and employ 6. Public Clouds This environment can be used by the general public. This includes individuals, corporations and other types of organizations. Typically, public clouds are administrated by third parties or vendors over the Internet, and services are offered on pay-per-use basis. These are also called provider clouds. Private Clouds A pure offstage cloud is built for the exclusive use of one customer, who owns and in full controls this cloud.Additionally, t here are variations of this in terms of ownership, operation, etcetera The fact that the cloud is used by a specific customer is the distinguishing feature of any private cloud. This cloud computing environment sides within the boundaries of an organization and is used exclusively for the organizations benefits. These are also called internal clouds. Community Clouds When several customers have similar requirements, they can share an infrastructure and might share the configuration and management of the cloud.Hybrid Clouds Finally, any composition of clouds, be they private or public, could form a hybrid cloud and be managed a single entity, provided that there is sufficient commonality between the examples used by the constituent clouds. II. AUGMENTED EXECUTION OF SMART PHONES USING dead ringer CLOUDS B Chunk,10 introduce the concept of clone cloud. The idea of introducing this concept is to improving the performance of hardware limited smart calls by using their proposed clone cloud architecture.The core method is using virtual machine migration technology to offload execution blocks of applications from mobile devices to clon Cloud. knockoff Cloud boosts unmodified mobile applications by off-loading the right portion of their execution onto device clones operating in a computational cloud. Conceptually, our system automatically transforms a single-machine execution (e. G. , computation on a smart phone) into a distributed execution optimized for the outwork connection to the cloud, the processing capabilities of the device and cloud, and the applications computing patterns.The underlying motivation for bell ringer Cloud lies in the following intuition as long as execution on the clone cloud is significantly faster than execution on the mobile device (or more reliable, more secure, etc. ), paying the cost for sending the relevant data and code from the device to the cloud and back may be worth it 9. Ill. CLONE CLOUD architecture The design goal for be ll ringer Cloud is to allow such fine-grained flexibility on what to run where. Another design goal is to take the programmer out of the business of application partitioning 10.In a Clone Cloud system, the Clone is a mirror image of a Semaphore running on a virtual machine. By contrast with smart phones, such a clone has more hardware, software, network, energy resources in a virtual machine which provides more suitable environment to process complicated tasks. In the diagram, a task in smart phone is divided into 5 different execution blocks (we mark them as different colors), and the smart phone is cloned (brutalized) as an image in distributed computing environment. Then the image passes some computing or energy-intensive blocks (the Green blocks) to cloud for processing.Once those execution blocks have been completed, the output will be passed from Clone Cloud to the Semaphore 11. pick Fig. 2 Clone Cloud Architecture A major advantage of the Clone Cloud is enhanced smart phones performance. Bung takes a test by implementing a face tracking application in a smart phone with and without Clone Cloud. The result shows that only 1 second is spent in Clone Cloud environment but almost 100 seconds in the smart phone without Clone Cloud. Another advantage of Clone Cloud is reduced battery consumption as smart phones o not use its CPU as frequently.The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are handover delay, bandwidth limitation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between smart phones and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signals blind zone. A. Evaluation of Applications To evaluate the Clone Cloud Prototype, Bung-Goon Chunk 10 implemented three applications. We ran those applications either on a phone?a status quo, monolithic execution?or by optimally partitioning for two settings one with Wi-If connectivity and one with 36.We implemented a virus scanner, ima ge search, and privacy- preserving targeted advertising. The virus scanner scans the contents of the phone file system against a library of 1000 virus signatures, one file at a clock. We take leave the size of the file system between KBPS and 10 MBA. The image search application finds all faces in images stored on the phone, using a face-detection library that returns the mid-point between the eyes, the distance in between, and the pose of detected faces.We only use images smaller than KBPS, due to memory limitations of the Android face-detection library. We vary the number of images from 1 to 100. The privacy-preserving targeted- advertising application uses behavioral tracking across websites to infer the users preferences, and selects ads according to a resulting model by doing this tracking at the users device, privacy can be protected. 1) Time Save Fig. 3 Mean execution times of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard de viance error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone alone, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud tit 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for monolithic and O for off-loaded, also indicating the relative improvement from the phone alone execution 2) Energy Save Fig. 4 Mean phone energy consumption of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone alone, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for monolithic and O for off-loaded, also indicating relative improvement over phone only execution. Fig. 3 and 4 shows execution times and phone energy consumption for the three applications, respectively. Al l measurements are the average of five runs. Each graph shows Phone, Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G).C- Wi-If and C-G results are annotated with the relative improvement and the partitioning choice, whether the optimal partition was to run monolithically on the phone (M) or to off-load to the cloud (O). In the experiments, Wi-If had response time of moms and bandwidth of 6. Mbps, and 36 had latency of mass, and bandwidth of 0. Mbps. Clone Cloud chooses to keep topical anaesthetic the smallest workloads from each application, deciding to off-load 6 out of 9 experiments with Wi-If. With 36, out of all 9 experiments, Clone Cloud chose to off-load 5 experiments.For off-loaded cases, each application chooses to offload the function that performs core computation from its worker thread scanning files for virus signature matching for VS., acting image processing for IS, and computing similarities for BP. C Wi-If exhibits significant speed-ups and energy s avings xx, xx, and lox speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications, with a completely automatic modification of the application binary without programmer input.A clear trend is that larger workloads benefit from off-loading more this is due to amortization of the migration cost over a larger computation at the clone that receives a significant speedup. A secondary trend is that energy consumption mostly follows execution time unless the phone switches to a deep sleep state while the application is off-loaded at the clone, its energy expenditure is proportional to how long it is waiting for a response. When the user runs a single application at a time, deeper sleep of the phone may further increase observed energy savings.We note that one exception is C-G, where although execution time decreases, energy consumption increases slightly for behavior profiling with depth 4. We believe this is due to our coarse energy cost model, and only occurs for dummy up decisions. C-G also exhibits xx, xx, and xx speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications. Lower gains can be explained given the overhead differences between Wi-If and 36 networks. As a result, whereas gyration costs about 15-25 seconds with Wi-If, it shoots up to 40-50 seconds with 36, due to the greater latency and lower bandwidth.In both cases, migration costs include a network-unspecific thread-merge cost? patching up references in the running oral communication space from the migrated thread?and the network-specific transmission of the thread state. The former dominates the latter for Wife, but is dominated by the latter for 36. Our current implementation uses the DEFLATE compression algorithm to reduce the amount of data to send we expect off-loading benefits to improve with other optimizations targeting the network overheads (in reticular, 36 network overheads) such as redundant transmission el imination.B. Problem in Clone Cloud The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are 1 1 handover delay, bandwidth limitation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between Semaphore and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signals blind zone. Offloading all applications from Semaphore to the cloud cannot be Justified for power consumption, especially for some lightweight applications which are suitable to be deployed in local smart phones. V.BRUTALIZED SCREEN Screen rendering 1 3 can also be moved to the cloud and the rendered screen can be delivered as part of the cloud services. In general, the screen represents the whole or part of the display images. In a broad sense, it also represents a collection of data involved in user interfaces such as display images, audio data, mouse, keyboard, pen and touch inputs, and other multiplicity inputs and outputs. Screen fertilization and screen r endering in the cloud doesnt always mean putting the entire screen-rendering task in the cloud.Depending on the actual situations?such s local processing power, bandwidth and delay of the network, data addiction and data traffic, and display resolution?screen rendering can be partially done in the cloud and partially done at the clients. A. Screen Fertilization Fig. 5 The Conceptual diagram of the cloud client computing architecture. Rendering a screen in the cloud also introduces obstacles for the client devices to access the virtual screen, if it needs to maintain high-fidelity display images and responsive user interactions.Fortunately, we have already developed a number of advanced multimedia and networking technologies to address these issues. Ultimately, we would like to define a common cloud API for cloud computing with scalable screen fertilization, with which the developers never have to care where the data storage, program execution, and screen rendering actually occur be cause the cloud services for the API will adaptively and optimally distribute the storage, execution, and rending among the cloud and the clients. B.Remote Computing With Brutalized Screen The cloud-computing conceptual architecture picture in Fig 5, we have developed a thin-client, remote-computing system that leverages interactive screen-removing cosmologies. Thin-client, remote-computing systems are expected to provide high- fidelity displays and responsive interactions to end users as if they were using local machines. However, the complicated graphical interfaces and multimedia applications usually present technical challenges to thin-client developers for achieving efficient transmissions with relatively low bandwidth links.Figure depicts the proposed thin-client, remote-computing Fig. 6 The interactive screen removing system System, which decouples the application logic (remote) and the user interface local) for clients to use remote servers deployed as virtual machines in t he cloud. The servers and the clients communicate with each other over a network through an interactive screen-removing mechanism. The clients send user inputs to the remote servers, and the servers return screen updates to the clients as a response.

Batik Garment

The Objectives.. ? To be a gentleman Class Provider of hand-dye Garment Industry Our Mission.. ? Our vision is to focus on endureing range of qualitybatik outputs to our customers, and introduceMalaysianbatikto the people all told e trulyplace the world. We would like to penatered US provenderstuff and introduce variety product that keep produce with hand-dye. It is the opportunity for batik business to improve it profitability and competitiveness. The Opportunities.. ? Rising ask for handicraft products in developed countries such as USA, Canada, Britain, France, Ger umpteen, Italy etcetera ? Developing fashion industry requires handicrafts products. education of sectors like Retail, Real Estate that offers great requirements of handicrafts products. ? Development of domestic and international tourism sector. ? Ability to produce high quality product with good goal ? e-Commerce and Internet atomic number 18 emerged as promissory statistical diffusion channels to c ommercialize and sell the craft products. 1. INTRODUCTION The Malaysian government has supported its craftspeople heartyly since 1974 with the establishment ofKraftangan, a government organization under the tribute of the ministry of culture that is boded to promote Malaysian handicrafts and culture.This outstanding program serves as a role model for the arts and textile industries of other countries. The common ending is exactly to make Malaysia a batik capital. According to Matrade, textiles atomic number 18 ranked 9thand accounting for 2. 3 per cent share of Malaysias exportings of total manufactured goods. In 2011, exports of textiles and apparel & clothings totaled RM10. 81 jillion from RM9. 32 billion for the same period last year, an adjoin of 15. 9 per cent. Of this, exports of textiles was valued at RM6. 72 billion and accounted for 62. per cent share, while apparels and clothing accounted for 37. 8 per cent share, valued at RM4. 08 billion. Higher exports were du e to increasing exports of yarns and apparels. The USA, Japan, Turkey, Indonesia and China were Malaysias top 5 export destinations for Malaysias textiles and apparel & clothing. USA stay puted the leading export market contributing to 18. 6 per cent share of the total exports of the industry. Export was valued at RM2. 01 billion, an cast up of 13. 6 per cent. 1. 1 The Unique hand-dye MalaysiaDeveloping batik as handcrafted textile hand printed and hand drawn, has make us all acutely aware of the grandness of troika essential elements in producing a new product. They are, namely, envision, Colour and Technique. We need to pay attention to all of the three above elements giving emphasis to Design which requires the most and urgent attention. Secondly, Malaysians love bright colours and batik in bright colours has become a manifestation of that expression. However, we need to think of the market and the consumers we are targeting.Therefore, we need to study how they perceive col ours and their receptivity to ourselection of colours. And thirdly, the need to takean aggressive approach in R&D and to work in experimentingnew technologies that can expedite and enhance batik production process as well as to solve problems preserved to attaining quality production. schooling from the experiences of other countries such as Japan and Korea, and adapting their practices to meet our needs would indeed be a real asset. A nonher aspect of R&D, relates to acquiring intimacy approximately the characteristics of fabrics in order to appraise their appropriateness for making batik.What makes batikMalaysia unique is that we have been able to develop it through innovation by sight and learning from the tradition of batikmaking of other countries, and successfully creating our own indigenous batik title. 1. 2 Trends in Fashion The world of fashion has created an great consciousness with the designers and batik makers who recognise the need to constantly innovate and pro duce new designs, introduce new range of colours as well as to experiment with new production techniques to meet with the fast changing consumer taste and fashion trends.As a result, batik crafted from a variety of materials such as silk, cotton and linen of varying texture have emerged in the market place. 1. 3 hand-dye as an Art devise Malaysian artists have made an inroad with their groundbreaking adaptation of the batik technique on canvas. Henceforth, a new genre of batik as an art form was born. Batik paintings depicting images of Malaysian flora, fauna, forest, food and fiesta root words are providing a glimpse into the rich diversity of natural and cultural heritage of Malaysia through Batik Art. 1. 4 The Design ChallengeA good design should create a pleasant virtual experience the customer should perceive the product as aesthetically pleasing. In this respect, batik designers should develop batik design torespond to the particular needs of the consumers thereby promoti ngthe concept of special design for specific usage, such asbatikfor school wear, batik for uniform, batik for periodical wear, batik for formal day and evening attire and batik for special occasions. Eachparticular design with special motif, pattern, colour and fabriccreated would therefore kick the bucket batik that exclusive ook and thiswould impact on batik not only asa versatile textile for clothing but also in popularizing it to a wider market. Malaysias natural environment offers limitless source of inspiration from which new ideas, patterns, motifs and colours could be derived. At the same time, the uniqueness of each familiarity in Malaysia, the people and their living traditions and cultural heritage areyet anothersourcefor design input. 2. US grocery store 2. 1CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE theculture of the fall in Statesis primarily aWestern culture, but is also influenced byNative American,Asian,Polynesian,African, andLatin Americancultures.American culture started its form ation over 10,000 old age ago with the migration ofPaleo-IndiansfromAsiainto the component part that is today thecontinental United States. It has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such asdialect,music,arts,etc. The United States of America is an ethnically and racially versatilecountry as a result of large-scale immigration from many different countries throughout its history. Due to the extent of American culture, there are many integrated but unique socialsubcultureswithin the United States.The cultural affiliations an individual in the United States may have commonly depend onsocial class, governmental orientationand a multitude of demographic characteristics such as religious background, occupation and ethnic group membership. 2. 2 POLITIC & economic Political US REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Companies that are involved in the production and distribution of medical devices that are intended for marketing in the U. S. are required to register their facility with the FDA on form FDA 2891. There is no fee for registering your facility.As of 11 February 2002, foreign companies must also provide the FDA with the contact instruction for their U. S. Agent and this information can be provided on this form as well. This form must be completed by the official correspondent designated on the form and submitted 30 days prior to exporting to the U. S. All registration information must be verified annually and updated if changes have occurred. If the company is registering for the commencement time, the registration form FDA 2891 must be submitted to the FDA along with the Device Listing form FDA 2892.This form is utilize to identify to the FDA the devices that the company has in commercial distribution by generic category. There is also no fee for submitting this form. U. S. Fiscal Policy Turning first to U. S. fiscal policy, the slow pace so uttermost of economic recovery and weak job creationdespite the wide margin of excess capacityargues for mainta ining supportive monetary and fiscal policies in the very near term. Indeed, expansionary fiscal policy already played a critical role in averting a deeper U. S. recession.According to IMF analysis, fiscal measures contributed about 2 destiny points to GDP growth in 2009, and another one percentage point last year. At the same time, federal debt held by the public has risen from about 36 percent of GDP in 2007 to about 62 percent of GDP in 2010, while prospective debt dynamics have worsened significantly. In the absence of corrective measures, and taking into account underlying fiscal pressures that predated the crisis, debt could reach about 95 percent of GDP by the end of this decadea level last reached immediately following World War II.Without policy adjustments, subsequently the debt simply would keep rising. From this perspective, the need for urgent action to secure medium-term fiscal sustainability appears to be self-evident. Political Ideologies in the United States Ideolo gies in US politics vary greatly. However, for the majority of American citizens, most political ideologies are derived from classical liberalism. Ideas such as individual liberty and restrict government, for example, are popular with most Americans.Unlike many other countries, there are only two major political parties in America and their core beliefs are very similar due to the moderation that the two party system in US politics encourages. The representative Party, who tend to represent liberal ideals, lean slightly to the political left and the Republican, who generally favour conservative ideals, lean slightly to the political right. The two overriding ideologies that exist in American politics today are conservatism and liberalism. Economic in US The United States economic freedom scores of 76. 3 drops it to 10th place in the 2012 Index.Its score is 1. 5 points lower than last year, reflecting deteriorating scores for government spending, freedom from corruption, and inves tment freedom. The U. S. is ranked 2nd out of three countries in the North America region, and its overall score remains well above the world and regional averages. The U. S. economy faces enormous challenges. Although the foundations of economic freedom remain strong, recent government interventions have eroded limits on government, and public spending by all levels of government now exceeds one-third of total domestic output.The regulative burden on business continues to increase rapidly, and heightened uncertainty further increases regulations negative impact. Restoring the U. S. economy to the status of a free economy will require significant policy changes to reduce the size of government, overhaul the tax system, and transform costly entitlement programs. By boosting growth in the private sector, such freedom-enhancing policies are the best take to for bringing down high unemployment rates and reducing public debt to manageable levels. The trade weighted average tariff rate is 1. percent, with non-tariff barriers such as corrupt American procurement rules adding to the cost of trade. Investment freedom is hampered by ongoing protectionist restrictions. The impact of the recently passed financial reform bills has yet to be measured, as lucubrate regulations are gradually emerging. The indicators to gauge the economic performance in US Population 310. 0 million GDP (PPP) $14. 7 trillion,2. 8% growth 0. 9% 5-year compound annual growth,$47,284 per capita Unemployment 9. 6% Inflation (CPI) 1. 6% FDI Inflow $228. 2 billion (Based on data compiled as of September 2011) . 3 TARGET MARKET 3. PRODUCT STRATEGIES Malaysian Batik is fresh, fashion-forward, and edgy. And this modern-day style of Batik is now penetrating European and American markets. With its couture quality, Malaysian Batik is equally at menage on any New York or Paris runway. This is a world-class textile and art form that is here and now. Malaysian batiks are not limited to cotton either. To day various type of silk including jacquard, satin, crepe de chine are apply to produce batik blok and batik tulis. Voile, rayon lawn and shirting have also been used at one time or another.Most type of cloth can be used to produce batik except polyester. Todays batiks are highly fashionable, baring little resemblance to the stereotyped sarong. Batik tulis are much much fluid and cater to both local and international markets. Batik has many moods. It can be mod, sweet, formal or just plain fun. And it is not just limited to apparel. Exclusive designs and quality as well as good workmanship are our products greatest assets to create strong brand image. We offered clothing collection such as 3. 1 Batik T-shirts & Mens Outfit.We decided to pedestal our outfits on the guppy because they are so colourful. The aim of the competition is to take batik into international markets and since the guppy is found everywhere, we thought everyone could relate to the designs. The mens outfit had a black long shantung coat with similar design motifs on the front and back, with a matching shirt that stayed with the theme without going over the top. pic 3. 2 Sleeves Batik dress for Ladies For the ladies dress we decided to use bright pops of color accent the unique, geometric print along this Antik Batik dress, rendered in cool silk twill.A scoop neckline flatters the shoulders, while a single seam subtly defines the waist. Long sleeves. It look exclusive and elegent suit for American women. pic 3. 3 Pareos. Pareos are commonly done in batik tulis as the free flowing canting lines enhance the casual nature of this beach cloth. We decided to base our cotton pareo with flowers, abstracts perfect and geometrical elements including the familiar awan larat or Malay arabesque. We also decide to use a hand-drawn crepe de chine pareo from the Tropical Marine Life collection. pic 3. 4Batik scarves and shawlWe decided to base our collection of Tropical Marine Life was designed primary a s casual wear. It is hand-drawn crepe de chine scarves are gaily decorated with reef fish. For the shawl we used flower such as orchids and hand-painted on chiffon and it meant as an elegant shawl. pic 3. 5Cushion covers We have a great selection of Cushion Covers to choose from. Our cushion covers are made of 100% cotton and have a zip closure unless otherwise stated. The vibrant colors and design will lift your spirit and sooth your soul. pic 3. 6bedspeards and comfortersThis lavish, reversible Malaysian batikcomforterset features rich shades of grass green, teal, cobalt blue and off white. Thiscomforterset offers a soothing modern Batikmotif for any bedroom in your family unit. pic 3. 7 Girl Dresses We decided to use 100 % cotton in girl dresses, with playful pairs of tumbling starling birds and defective floating blossoms, this is sure to be one of your favorite Batik-inspired play dresses. Just to add to the fun, its got a little bit of a bubble shape. pic 3. 8 Batik Silk Tie Every piece is a handmade masterpiece and unique in the world.We use high quality of silk to make it exclusive. pic 3. 9 Lamp shades We offer a large selection of lamps shades. We carry hand painted batik with exclusive design. Change the feeling of any room instantly by simply covering your existingLamp Shadeswith our unique batik design. pic 3. 10 Batik Swimwear This fresh new print batik meets a tried and true style to answer all your swimwear distress calls. Brown and ocean blue batik pours a delicate pattern across a tankini top that is tough liberal to meet any swimwear challenge. pic 3. 11 SouvenirsBatik Gifts that we sell are made by a master craftsman. This batik, truly a work of art is unambiguously designed and printed by hand. Malaysian batiks are revered around the world as being the most beautiful. i. Batik Coaster Set Send sincere wishes with our lovely Batik Coasters with 6pcs and dried flowers decorations a classic touch to remember. Suitable for any occasions corporate events, annual dinner, wedding souvenir, the list is endless. Presented in clear box. pic ii. Batik Soft Toys A cute animal creatures such as rabbit, turtle, dog and etc for children to paly with. pic iii. TraditionalBatik Sandals. Comford and unique design, bring a simple feel. pic iv. Letter bearer Batik his batik cloth letter holder is 16 x 8 inches around. It is perfect to put by your front door and hold mail, papers, and other odds and ends. This beautiful batik cloth was handmade. pic 4. PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMME The trend of sale of handicrafts products in the handicraft Expos and Exhibitions organised by the Matrade in the recent years reveals that the demand for batik products are increasing day by day. hrus areas for intensive development will create employment opportunity in the state. The following actions/ move are taken for intensive development in introduce Batik to the world i. Participation in specialised rade fairs / with fashion show We will go into in Inte rnational fashion shows are a great platform in showcasing itsbeauty, the versatility of batik as a fabric, the story and cultural appreciation asshole batik and the position of batik as one of modern societys celebrated fashion statements. ii.Internet We will set up our website BUYBATIK and introduce online selling where customer can buy our product currently online-Shopping is playing an important role in developing batik careers for designers and artists. As well as setting trends in Batik fashion, BUYBATIK makes it easy for batik lovers to purchase quality batik products. Batik lovers can shop for a vast range of Batik products in a caoutchouc environment where carefully-selected designer goods can be purchased at attractive prices. iii. Magazines & NewpapersNewpapers and magazines becomes a very important medium to deliver messages about batik into the market, this will increase awareness of consumer about batik product. We can choose a top magazine such as Better Home and Ga rden to promote home apparent such as Lamp shades, bedspreads and comforters and etc. For ladies we can choose magazines such as Womens Day or Ladies Home Journal to promote ladies product such as swimwear, pareos and etc. iv. Radio & Television Radio is potentially a good opportunity. We target potential buyer listen to local news, converse show, this is because consumer efficiently using this medium in their daily living.Beside that we also can take opportunity to be main sponsorship, such as Oscar Academy award and sponsor a few Hollywood stars walking in the red carpet such as Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie. This will give awareness to reference about batik fashion. 5. THREATS BARRIERS Trade barriers are measures that governments or public authorities introducethat prevent or restrict overseas trade and investment. These measuresneed not necessarily take the form of legislation or a specific decision. They may also take the form of current practice.As a result of these measures , domestic companies receive a competitive advantage relative to their foreign counterparts. It is accepted that in many cases, products are liable to customs duties when imported into a market and thatimported products ought to be accompanied by the correct documentation. In some cases, however, customs duties may be unreasonably high or customs head may take an unreasonably long time. Batik Garment trade barriers may take the form of, for example Customs duties Customs procedures Technical regulations, standards, etc. for example for the solve of consumer protection, health protection, protection of the environment, etc Veterinary and phytosanitary measures barriers based on health and safety regulations Restrictions on access to primary products for example in the form of export batik that drive up prices artificially or special export prices that are higher than the price of the same primary products for use in national processing industries Insufficient protection of i ntellectual property rights both with respect to the scope of protection and with respect to the possibilities of legal protection.This includes, for instance, protection of patents, copyrights, trademarks and geographical indications of production line Barriers to trade in services for example in the form of discriminatory conditions Restrictions on access to investment for example through national participation requirements or restrictions on access to repatriation of profits Unfair application of state aid and other forms of subsidies Due to globalization, trade restrictions have become increasingly significant.At the same time, conventional trade obstacles such as tariffs and import restrictions have been reduced, as a result of international trade liberalization. In the period following the Second World War, average tariffs for industrial goods have been reduced from approx. 40 percent to less than 5 percent. As a consequence, other trade restrictions have become of compar atively greater significance.These other trade restrictions are often based on regulations and principles relating to qualitative matters, for example product quality requirements and product packaging requirements ostensibly forthe purpose of consumer protection education and qualification requirementsfor providers of services or rules relating to patent and trademark protection.This has contributed to making it more difficult for companies to gain an overview of rules and changes to rules,making the handling of trade barriersmore complicated,as barriers touch on matters that are subject to internal national legislation or regulation in the export markets. Competition 6. REFERENCES www. matrade. gov. my Conclusion From all the discussion our Batik product is suitable to expand the market to U. S. Political factor show that Batik Malaysia is not include on the export date rule and regulation which state on U. S. it because the batik Malaysias raw material is based on

Hamlet-Soliloquy

villages perceptions of himself and his way of responding to his quest for punish? Upon examination, It is clear that Hamlet Is a divide mind due to his Introspective way of thinking a veritable(prenominal) Renaissance character. Soliloquy 3 reveals that Hamlet has realized that his honor code demands him to exact retaliate upon Claudia. However, halls moral code manifests itself Into constant self-recrimination, testament to his character.Hamlet begins by metaphorically comparing himself to a peasant slave, indicating that he has not dressed his honor code, as this distinguished the aristocrat from the peasant in Elizabethan times. The use of the exclamation is the first sign of his denunciation of himself due to his lack of action. This theme is advanced when he classically alludes to Hachure in reference to the play he has Just witnessed. Hamlet is ashamed that he should weep to her and ponders what the actor would do had he the precedent and the cue for passion that I have? Along with revealing the intellectuality of the Renaissance Hamlet, the classical allusion demonstrates that he is clearly frustrated by his Impotence for revenge. This is consolidated In the simile desire John-a-dreams, unapparent of my cause where Hamlet blatantly admits to Inaction, cutting a self- deprecating Image of himself. The rhetorical question Am I a coward attests to his Introspective temperament as he Is self-analyzing whether the last portion of his soliloquy Is true or not.This begins a series of rhetorical questions in an attempt to call down up a ensue of passion in the demoralizes Hamlet, which culminates with the fragmented sentence, Remorseless, treacherous, lecherous, kindles villain O, vengeance We can finally observe Hamlet thinking about revenge and this is affirmed when he begins to devise a plan to catch his Uncles guilt, so that he knows his (my) course. Despite acquiring this new-found passion, his introspection still comes through when he claims tha t The spirit I have seen may be the Devil.This religious allusion reminds Hamlet of the mantra, innocent until proven guilty, and Hamlet Is out to rove Claudia guilt as the plays the thing wherein hell (Ill) catch the conscience of the king. This rhyming couplet sets the stage for his plan for revenge and affirms that he Is truly looking for certainties In a gentlemans gentleman of Gardner). All in all, soliloquy 3 is a perfect summation of Hamlets complicated Renaissance mind a journey from self-deprecation to blatant passion, culminating in the positive beginning of his quest for revenge.Hamlet-Soliloquy 3 By capital responding to his quest for revenge? Upon examination, it is clear that Hamlet is a divided mind due to his introspective way of thinking a typical Renaissance demands him to exact revenge upon Claudia. However, his moral code manifests itself into constant self-recrimination, testament to his character. Hamlet begins by by his impotence for revenge. This is consoli dated in the simile Like John-a-dreams, unapparent of my cause where Hamlet blatantly admits to inaction, cutting a self- deprecating image of himself.The rhetorical question Am I a coward attests to his introspective nature as he is self-analyzing whether the last portion of his soliloquy is can finally observe Hamlet thinking about revenge and this is affirmed when he reminds Hamlet of the mantra, innocent until proven guilty, and Hamlet is out to that he is truly looking for certainties in a world of uncertainties(Helen Gardner). All in all, soliloquy 3 is a perfect summation of Hamlets complicated Renaissance mind a Journey from self-deprecation to blatant passion, culminating in the official beginning of his quest for revenge.

Compare and Contrast Between Looking for Alaska and The Fault in Our Stars Essay

Both books have themes of growing up and death, more specifically, unexpected death at a young age, which I know is obvious, but I might as well say it. Another thing they have in common is smoking. But, the spot on smoking in Looking for Alaska is much different from The pick in Our Stars. In Looking for Alaska, smoking is viewed as normal and a federal agency to fit in. But in The intermission in Our Stars, it was discouraged and simply used as a metaphor both by the characters and the author. For example, hazelnut tree got upset when she thought Augustus smoked. Both books involve at least some discussion of religion Looking for Alaska when Pudge has to write a paper about religion, and The Fault in Our Stars when Augustus asks Hazel if she believes in an afterlife and when Hazels dad talks about the universe enjoying beingness observed. Also the support group meets in a church, so theres that as well.In Looking for Alaska, Pudge seems to base his life off of Alaskas death ( modeled by the chapters 100 days before, the last day, 7 days after, etc.). Pudge seems to be un able-bodied to separate his own life from her death, while in The Fault in Our Stars, Hazel deals with the death of Augustus kind of differently. She tells her story building up to his death (focusing on his life), and after she tells of his death and a few important events after, she skips to present day (hence the last sentence being in the present tense) to say that even though Gus is gone, she still loves him. She is able to separate her life from his death in a way Pudge wasnt able to with Alaska, while still indicating that their love survived even his death. Another key difference between the two books is that while Looking for Alaska deals with finding your place in life, The Fault in Our Stars deals with finding your place in death. In Looking for Alaska, Pudge and all of his friends are nerve-racking to grow up. In The Fault in Our Stars, Hazel is trying to find a way to cop e with the imminence of her own death and rather than growing up (as she should be), she is having to deal with the process of dying.

Hidden Guilt Abolishes Selfhood Essay

Those who keep their underworlds and feelings to themselves cause themselves only anguish and despair. In The violent letter, a ro piecece by Nathaniel Hawthorne, high-minded Arthur Dimmesdale is a early man who achieved fame in England as a theologian and then immigrated to America. In a moment of weakness, he and Hester Prynne, a young, beautiful, married woman whose husband is international in Europe, become lovers. Although he will non confess it publicly, Dimmesdale is the father of her child similarly, he deals with the guilt by tormenting him ego physically and psychologically, developing a feel condition in the process. Dimmesdale is an intelligent and emotional man, and his sermons ar thus masterpieces of suaveness and persuasiveness. His commitments to his congregation are in constant fighting with his feelings of guiltfulness and need to confess.He lives behind a false self for many long time while un distinguishingly living beside Hesters husband, finally his real self appears and he is redeem of his sins as he studys them publicly. Selfhood can be achieved when a hypocritical persona is rejected and the true self consistently emerges. Dimmesdale is shown as the protagonist of the romance by means of Hawthornes use of characterization, conflict, by showing the transformation of Dimmesdale, and by showing that Roger Chillingworth and Dimmesdales own guilt oppose him.Hawthorne uses characterization through disclose The Scarlet Letter to show Dimmesdale as the protagonist. The Scarlet Letter is a story of characters that have to live and deal with the effects of sin in different rooms of these characters, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is the character portrayed as the close inadequate. Despite this portrayal Dimmesdale was a stronger character than given credit for, his unbelievable amount of control in his way of handling his burdens displays his great sense of strength and intellect although, he is actually intelligent, his faults mask his dignity, Dimmesdale is aware that he is covering up his true self but hides these feelings to keep his reputation of being a pious, dutiful look. His shortcomings and distress throughout the communicatory conceal his pride, Dimmesdale clearly suffers from an excess of self. His weakness and suffering throughout almost of the romance, as I suggested earlier, havetended to blur for some readers the fact of his pride, which, like his scarlet letter, lies beneath and gives special form to his mask of saintliness (Martin 124).He is first characterized as a nervous and sensitive individual, despite his outer appearance, inside Dimmesdale is a rattling stable, strong person. Hawthorne states that he showed nervous sensibility and a great will prop iodinnt, His eloquence and religious fervor had already given the earnest of high eminence in his professionexpressing both nervous sensibility and a vast power of self-restraint (Hawthorne 51). While this codms to give Dimmesdale great strength, it is also his largest flaw moreover, his body refuses to do what his heart says is right. Dimmesdale instructs Hester to break out the truth, but when she refuses he does not have the inclination to confess himself.Therefore, his sin becomes even larger than hers, because while hers is an exposed sin. He continues to lie to himself and his followers by keeping his secret secluded, so his is a concealed sin, while Hester wears her sin openly on her bosom. Here Hawthorne shows us just how strong Dimmesdale actually is, by allowing him to hide his sin and bear the weight of it, he creates an extremely interesting and tremendously strong character further, the scaffold is the place that Dimmesdale shows the amount of pain and self-loaaffair he is truly capable of concealing.Dimmesdale denies the fact that he is associated with Hester, and also that he is the father of Pearl multiple times, particularly during those crucial scaffold scenes. During those long seven y ears he made no move to diminish her load or his own. Seven years prior, Hester stood in this place and took the punishment for both of them while he quietly stood aside and led people to reckon that he also condemned her. During the first scaffold scene Dimmesdale interrogates Hester, his purpose was to find out who the father of her daughter was, Dimmesdale pretended as if he had never communicate to Hester before, as did Hester. Dimmesdale acknowledges their relationship later on in the register, but at this time he must seem as if he does not know her because if the magistrates of Boston knew of their relationship, Dimmesdale would be treated with the same rejection as Hester. During the bit scaffold scene Dimmesdale has had all that he can bear and lets out a telephone that draws the attention of fellow villagers, Without any effort ofhis will, or power to restrain himself, he shrieked aloud (108). He curses himself for his silence and cowardice.Also in the second scaffol d scene Dimmesdale denies Hester and Pearl again when Pearl asks him to endorse with herself and Hester during the day in public, Wilt thou stand here with mother and me to-morrow noontide? Dimmesdale responded, Nay, not so, my little Pearl (111). Finally the destination time Dimmesdale stood on the scaffold he accepted Hester and admitted that he was indeed the father of Pearl, The law we himself and Hester broke- the sin here so awfully revealed (181). During the third scaffold scene the true sign of strength is revealed, to admit he is wrong takes strength, but the way that he held in his sin thus committing two, one of the original sin, and two of the concealment, then confessing after years of frustrating cowardice takes a stronger man. Dimmesdale is also characterized as a very hypocritical being. He has the townsfolk believe that he is a pious, dedicated minister, when in actuality he has sinned greatly, But Dimmesdales burden keeps him on a level with the lowest. His cong regation worships him their adoration intensifies his guilty anguish and his suffering heightens his fervor (Male 334).He is not brave enough to publicly admit his sins until the end of the narrative moreover, he lives years hiding his secret of adultery. The only people who know his secret before he publicly condemns himself are Hester, Pearl, and Chillingworth. He suffers from this secret every(prenominal) day and night, he punishes himself physically and tortures himself mentally, as well as being tortured mentally and physically by Chillingworth, Dimmesdale suffers worlds of penance but, since he is not uncoerced to sacrifice the public image of himself, it is penance without penitence. He knows that the morality of this colony calls for sin and iniquity to be exposed in the broad light of noonday, that justification is here a public matter (Martin 124).It takes Dimmesdale terce trips to the scaffold for him to be able to reveal to the public that he is the father of Pearl and that he had unsung his sin for many years. His demise was from the drain of his will, which was worn and lacking. Dimmesdale was not courageous in his actions in the story but strong he was able to look at the burdens, frustration, and pain throughout his life. Whether he was good, brave, or right in what he did is to remain unseen but the fact that he was strong is certain.Rev. Dimmesdale is proven to be the protagonist of the narrative also by conflict, he proves to be a sinner against man, against God and most importantly against himself because he has committed adultery with Hester. His wickedness against himself, for which he ultimately paid the price of death, proved to be more harmful and more destructive than this sin of the flesh, and his sin against God. Dimmesdales versed conflict causes him more anguish and discontent than any external conflict throughout the romance. His internal feelings of sin and his late night attempts to redeem himself on the scaffold are mo re of a fraudulence of ignominy than actual ignominy, So long as they are covert, the ministers gestures are but a mockery of penance, and his cloistral flagellations, fasts, and vigils are unavailing (Male 334). Dimmesdale is not ignorant, he is very well educated, as Hawthorne states, Rev. Mr. Dimmesdale a young clergyman who had come from one of the great slope universities, bringing all the learning of the age into our wild forestland. His eloquence and religious fervor had already given the earnest of high eminence in his profession. (Hawthorne 72).This mans morals had, until the adultery, been high. He is very spiritual because on top of being of the Puritan faith, he is a minister of the word of God. Throughout most of the novel, Rev. Dimmesdale is forced to hide his guilt of being Hesters partner in sin, when in reality, he is not being forced by anyone, but himself, for he is the one who chooses not to reveal his secret to the town. Dimmesdale has a concealed sin that is eating at him. He just doesnt have the courage to admit his wrongs. He seems to be a coward during these seven years of living with guilt. There is a scene in chapter three where Dimmesdale states, Hester PrynneIf thou feelest it to be for thy souls peace, and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be made more effectual to salvation, I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow -sinner and fellow- martyr Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life? What can thy silence do for him, unless it tempt him-yea compel him as it were-to add hypocrisy to sin? (73).In this scene it is almost as if we see Dimmesdale speaking as a hypocrite. Dimmesdale portrays himself very ironically he is a very well respected grand andyet, has, for the last seven years, worked on preaching the w ord of God, especially while he urges the congregation to confess openly to repent unto God. While, in reality, Dimmesdale is the one who needs a clean conscious. He feels like he needs to confess not only to the town but also too himself. Halfway through the novel Dimmesdale has yet to reveal the truth, which, so far, has been devouring him, physically and mentally. Since this good reverend is so spiritual, he cannot reveal his truths to the town so simply. He is of the Puritan faith and being a follower of that, the sin of adultery is a very grand sin additionally, the safe and sound town would look down on him as if he were a hypocrite, which in fact, he is, but his sin of adultery in that town would have been scoffed at just as Hesters has. The reverend is very well liked by the townsfolk, They fancied him the mouthpiece of promised lands messages of wisdom, rebuke, and love. In their eyes, the very ground on which he trod was sanctified. (139).He has been living without revea ling his true self for seven years, and it was hard for him, mentally and physically. Mentally, his whole body shuts down because he cannot take it anymore, even though he does not give in to confess yet. He has become emaciated because he has let the sin against himself churn inside and on the outside he has spent many nights whipping himself. Perhaps this is a sign for him to feel he has punished himself, as God would have punished him, if he were on Earth. One day while Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth are talking about medicinal plants that Chillingworth shew on an old grave that had no tombstone or marking whatsoever, Chillingworth says to Dimmesdale, They grew out of his heart, and typify, it may be, some hideous secret that was buried with him, and which he had make better to confess during his lifetime. (129). Its as if Chillingworth can tell that Rev. Dimmesdale is hiding something, something that could be the cause of his health depleting. Chillingworth then states tha t, Then why not reveal them here? (129).Chillingworth knows, he simply knows that there is something else, something that Dimmesdale has not yet come forth to tell him. Dimmesdale, in chapter twelve, is finally realizing that it could be a better thing to disclose his secret to the town. He has become so weak that he has even thought about his own death moreover, he has walked to the scaffold and climbed up as if he wants to proclaim something, and yet, it is nighttime and the whole town is resting. Some are at the deathbed of the ailing governor who has just died.They do not remark him. As Hester and Pearl walk by, Dimmesdale tells them, grow up hither, Hester, thou and little PearlYe have both been here before, but I was not with you. Come up hither once again, and we will stand all three together (148) Dimmesdale has obviously been thinking that he wants to reveal himself, he is struggling with internal conflict yet again, but his choice of the hour tells the reader that he can not confess in the day, not yet. Pearl herself knows or at least feels that this is right, that the three of them together is a match, because she says, Wilt thou stand here with Mother and me, tomorrow noontide? (148). But Dimmesdale refuses, Not so, my child. I shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and thee one other day, but not tomorrow (148-149).Dimmesdale is coming close to speaking, but he does not. He reveals his truths to the town after he has preached his finest sermon and after the town is holding him so very high on a pedestal. Dimmesdale says to the town, ye, that have loved me-ye that have deemed me holy-behold me here, the one sinner of the world At last-at last-I stand upon the spot where, seven years since, I should have stood here, with this woman (237). Now that Dimmesdale has confessed his secret, he can die. He has admitted to being the father of Hester Prynnes child, Pearl, and his poor corpse, which is so deathly, can rest in peace now. His mind is well aware t hat it can live on knowing that the truth is out but his body is so battered that it cannot go on living. Dimmesdale has sinned against God, and more importantly against himself. Yes, he has not lived a true life because for seven years he has lived in denial of his sin. It did prove to be more harmful in the end, since he died on the scaffold while standing next to his fellow-sinner Hester. He knew that he needed to reveal himself but in his Puritan ways, it was hard to confess.The irony he portrays and the hypocrisy that he lives is such a grand sin in itself, he lived looking his sin in the face every single day, because he was a minister and not only would have to arrange to the townsfolk after he had admitted but he had to face God everyday his character has perhaps the central fight back in this novel, for he has the struggle within, and the struggle portrayed outwardly to the town, and Hester in addition, he is definitely a very dramatic character in this novel, for Hawthor ne stated, Be true Be true Be true Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred. (242). When Hawthorne madethis quote in destination to Rev. Dimmesdale, he meant many things, he said that he should be true and show freely to the world, because Dimmesdale should have showed his true feelings about Hester, and his feelings that he kept hidden for seven years about the adultery then, he would have much more relief.When Hawthorne says if not your worstwhereby the worst may be inferred, he is give tongue to that if you cannot at least get out the worst trait that you have been indicted of, you should try to get a point across that would aid in the finding of that worst trait. By this quote, it appears that Hawthorne thought that if Dimmesdale had only confessed earlier, he had the opportunities, he could have admitted his sins each time he was at the scaffold, then he would have salve himself from all the torment he had put himself thr ough additionally, it appears that Hawthorne meant that the town, itself, would still have scoffed but wouldnt have remembered the sin of adultery as much now, as back then when Hester got accused as well.Dimmesdale is shown at the protagonist of The Scarlet Letter by being opposed by his own conscience and by Roger Chillingworth. Chillingworth opposes Dimmesdale in the sense that, he knows that Dimmesdale has repressed sin and, he desires to find out what that sin is, This man, pure as they deem him,- all spiritual as he seems,- hath inherited a strong animal nature from his father or his mother. Let us dig a little farther in the direction of this vein (94). Dimmesdale thought that he had a friendly relationship with Chillingworth, He therefore still kept up a familiar sexual relation with him, daily receiving the old physician in his study or visiting the laboratory, and, for recreations sake, watching the process by which widows weeds were converted into drugs of mandate (95), but in actuality Chillingworth was torturing Dimmesdale without Dimmesdale knowing it.Chillingworth constantly tortured Dimmesdale physically and mentally. Chillingworth is always giving the minister drugs that he makes with weeds. Many times the physician acquires these weeds from the town cemetery, these weeds are also characterized as, unsightly, ugly or, dark and tangled, this suggests that the medicine that Dimmesdale is taking is venomous. Chillingworth is generally characterized as an evil person, and many of the actions he takes suggest that he represents the devil moreover, he even notices thissimilarity in himself, I have already told thee what I am A fiend (158). Chillingworth is given the name The sullen Man by Pearl, this clearly shows that he is representative of the devil.Dimmesdale is also shown as the protagonist through his opposition to his own conscience, he opposes himself in many ways. Dimmesdales true self which he reveals at the end of the narrative is the protagonist when compared to his true self throughout the rest of the narrative. His true self during the majority of the narrative is a man who has sinner and refuses to publicly admit it. During this time he privately hurts himself and damages his mind and his body. Although, that the end of the romance, he repents and is able to die. He was not able to die until he disclosed his secret because without divulging his sin he would not be close enough to God, and he believed that he would not be in Heaven after his death.Dimmesdale ultimately was transformed from a man too timid to share his sin publicly, to one who proclaims to the entire town that he is the father of the illegitimate child whose mother has been accepting his sin for years. He was too coy to publicly come form as Pearls father that he went to the scaffold in the dead of night to repent, although this action was more a mockery of penance than actual ignominy, No eye could see himWhy then had he come hither? Was it bu t the mockery of penitence? A mockery indeed (107). Dimmesdale was changed from the apprehensive, seemingly pious and innocent minister to the man that proclaimed his sin openly, The new man is really Arthur Dimmesdale. Having achieved individuation in the forest, he now returns to join the procession only to rise preceding(prenominal) it (Male 341). Hawthorne shows Dimmesdales complete transformation through characterization and conflict, Dimmesdale could only die after he redeemed himself through ignominy.Thus, Arthur Dimmesdale is established as the protagonist of The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne shows this through characterization, internal and external conflict, transformation, and Dimmesdales opposition of Roger Chillingworth and his own conscience. Those who keep their sins and feelings to themselves cause themselves only anguish and despair, Arthur Dimmesdale did thisthroughout the majority of The Scarlet Letter, he internalized his feelings and sins and was not able to expres s them until the final scaffold scene when he threw himself at the mercy of God as he died with a clear conscience. Sense of self can be attained when a deceitful facade is rejected and the true self steadily materializes.

Life vs. Death Penalty

The ending penalty has been one of the most debated topics in America for years. It holds the same level of importance in political sympathies as abortion or gun control because it is such a controversial subject. The stance that I currently hold with this debate is closer towards life sentence in prison. Not because I dont fully believe that someone who kills a lot of passel or does Just horrible acts should 100% be penalise and possibly killed themselves, but because I find more benefits towards keeping someone in Jail for life. For example, the cost to keep someone in Jail is a lot cheaper than it is to kill them.A study in 2011 showed that it cost California more than $4 billion dollars to do executions since 1978. $1. 94 billion went towards the trails, $925 million towards Automatic Appeals and postulate Habeas Corpus Petitions, $775 million towards Federal Habeas Corpus Appeals, and $1 billion went towards Costs of Incarceration. And we cant forget how much it costs to p ay for the security guards who look over these inmates. The sum cost to pay these security guards a year dresss up to $90,000 PER INMATE a year. Its also been said that the oddment penalty trails be 20 quantify more expensive than a trail for imprisonment without parole.If the Governor of California sentenced the inmates that argon on death words to life in prison he could save almost $170 million a year The Executive of the DPIC stated, The death penalty in the U. S. is an enormously expensive and wasteful program with no clear benefits. All of the studies on the cost of capital punishment conclude it is much more expensive than a system with life sentences as the supreme penalty. In a time of painful budget ut affirms, states are pouring money into a system that results in a declining number of death sentences and executions that are almost exclusively carried out in Just one area of the country.As m some(prenominal) states face further deficits, it is an appropriate time t o consider whether maintaining the costly death penalty system is being smart on crime. Another reason that life in Jail is a let on punishment is because it is an actual impelling punishment. There is goose egg that shows that the death penalty has been effective in lowering crimes. To be in a prison cell for your entire life with nothing to o but intend, sit, sleep, eat, and maybe a recreational activity or two, that is actually worse than death.Being in prison sends some people crazy or can possibly change them completely, which I believe is a way better punishment because they are forced to live with the crime that they committed. Death would be an easy and quick way out. Granted, the death row inmates are doing nothing but sitting, thinking, and waiting. That is what they are doing, waiting. They are waiting for the end, because they, unlike the other inmates, abide an end. And candidly how is that fair, we for hatever reason think that if we kill them that will teach th em and others like them to never commit the bad acts again, when in fact we are making it simple for them.The DPIC administrator said, The nations police chiefs rank the death penalty last in their priorities for effective crime reduction. The officers do not believe the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder, and they rate it as one of most inefficient uses ot taxpayer dollars in tgnting crime. Criminologists concur that the death penalty does not effectively reduce the number of murders. The death sentence is absolute, here is no reversing it so if we execute someone and more evidence comes up that later proves someone innocent, we cant take back the execution. 40 people were wrongly kill since 1973. The most common reason for people wrongfully being charged with the death penalty are false confessions, witness errors, governing misconduct, faulty science, bad lawyers or snitch testimonies. Also believe it or not but race does play a factor in whether or not someone can r eceive the death penalty vs. life in prison. Just about 68% of inmates that are on death row are non-whites. We simply cannot say we live in a country that offers equal Justice to all Americans when racial disparities plague the system by which our union imposes the ultimate punishment. Senator Russ Feingold, 2003. In 1990, a report from the General Accounting Office said that 82% of the cases that were reviewed showed that if the criminal killed a white person they were more possible to be sent to death row than if they killed another minority. There are currently 1,822 minority inmates on death row and there has been approximately 394 minorities executed since 1976, comparing his to the 1,475 white death row inmates and the 643 that get down been executed.Something interesting is the death rate by homicide in California varies sole by race. African Americans are six times more likely to be murdered than whites in California. While 27. 6% of murder victims are white, 80% of exec utions in California have been for those convicted of killing whites. Lastly, the death penalty is Just morally wrong. How do we as a country Justify that someone is being punished for murder or something of that sort and to correct/ punish this behavior we execute them. That is o backwards.America is a country that frowns upon other countries who dont value life but we dont really know how to back up that thinking because we are a country who grew up knowing to fix problems with violence. After George W. Bush stated in the 2000 presidential elections, l dont think you should support the death penalty to seek revenge. I dont think thats right. I think the reason to support the death penalty is because it saves other peoples lives Family guy retaliated with, l support the death penalty to teach people killing is wrong Brian on Family Guy.When you think bout it, how does killing the inmate keep us any safer than Just keeping them in Jail forever? At the end of the day no one is being harmed, and everyone who is outside of prison is safe. The families of the victims can have peace of mind that they know the person will rot in prison and everyone else no longer has to even wonder if that person will come for them next. Its a win win situation. Until someone comes up with a plan that is more cost effective, humane, and still effectively punishes people for crimes the same or better than life in prison does, that seems to be the best way to handle criminals.

Dream Team †Media Analysis Essay

George and Lennies dream is the most commonly mentioned in the novel, they want to exist the Ameri tooshie dream and devour their own land and home. Although Crooks tells them he never seen a guy really do it their determination is beyond that of normal men. They crave the freedom from ordered working life and less responsibility. George desires the relief from the result of supervising Lennie, on the ranch he constantly has to watch him to ensure he is no danger to himself or others.He talks of how he could live so easy without Lennie and it seems to be a private dream of his to marry and raise a family without the childish weight of Lennie upon him. He has cared for Lennie for a large constituent of his life and wants happiness for both of them without the strain of rules and the risk of characters such as Curley. Lennies only dream at first glance seems to be having his rabbits, only at a closer look the rabbits are his charge of relating to their entire dream, he connects a ll other aspects of free life with them such as ontogenesis crops to feed them.He loves hearing the story of how its gonna be, his own dreams are based on what George tells him is good and bad. Candy is desperate to join in with Lennie and George and their dreams have become his. Since his dog died he has nothing left on the ranch to encourage dreams and he seems to have given up, the chance to be part of a reasonably realistic project motivates him again and he is willing to give everything to be part of it, Id conduct a will an surrender everything to you guys case I kick off. All of Candys dreams seem to have be worn away by life on the ranch, the spillage of his hand also seems to symbolise a large loss mentally for without his hand he cannot realistically dream of working his own land and aliveness alone. For Candy life on the ranch seems to be a reminder of lost dreams rather than hopeful ones and this could explain his eagerness to be part of Lennie and Georges. He is al so aware that he is old and becoming closer to the end of his job and possibly his life.Theyll can me purty soon. Jus as soon as I cant swamp out no bunk houses theyll put me on the county. He dreams of ending his life in happiness and not in want and discomfort surrounded by bad memories. Curleys wife is in many ways like Lennie and George, she tell her dream like its real and could betide at any time to escape the loneliness of the ranch. She tells as many people as she can about her dream as though she wants to make it more real for herself.Her conversation with Lennie reveals her desperation to make this dream come true, she hangs onto the man who could put her in pitchers, so sure he did write to her and somebody else ruined her dream. It is these fantasies she uses to escape her life which is heavily restricted by her husband who wants to control her to comply with his own dreams, she wishes to be free to fulfil the life she desires.Her way of telling the story of her dream is almost sad as she clings to any glimpse of it so desperately it is clear how unhappy she is. All the dreams expressed by these characters are what drive them in the novel and can determine how they express their feelings and how they act. Niki Holdsworth Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Intelligence Three Test Comparison

Society has been intrigued with the human mind since the beginning of time whether it deals with expanding the mind, strengthening, conditioning, or sieveing the limitations. A popular way to establish the human mind is through the use of an intelligence turn up. In dictate to testify the human mind on intelligence it must be defined to extradite secure constructs that advise be measured. Intelligence is universe able to how well you learn from experiences and being able to suit to the environment. Intelligence test the WISC uses tetrad subtest groups to measure intelligence, which atomic number 18 literal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.These four subtest groups are constructs of intelligence broken into categories based on the skill type. Within the subtest these categories are utilise in intelligence test, for example the Shipley uses only vocabulary and abstraction as measurements of intelligence. IQ test vary with what type s of constructs being used from using two items to tout ensemble fifteen items. This paper is comparing the loads of triad opposite IQ test, the Shipley, Wonderlic, and the coterieical IQ test. Similar to the comparing and contrasting of lashings the ways each(prenominal) test defers will be examined along with the strength, purposes, and weaknesses of each test.The first test the Shipley, which is an intelligence test that is measuring teaching method and intellectual deterioration. The test is broken up into two parts first the vocabulary section where participants have ten minutes to reply forty vocab questions based on the similarity of the word compared to the four answer responses. The second part of this test was the abstraction part where twelve minutes was addicted to answer twenty-five questions. This particular test showed postgraduate internal consistency at . 92 along with acceptable test-retest draws at . 87-. 4, and a SEM at 4. 57, which is a medium SEM. T he Validity for this test showed good concurrent validity. The calibration for the Shipley is a total of 2,826 with the demographic of 1,203 adults and 1,876 children. The downfall of the Shipley is that scores are highly depend on the verbal and abstraction ability not including any of the other constructs for testing intelligences. Thus this supports the issue of the Shipley being prepossession to people who have poor English skills or it is their second language making the test more(prenominal) challenging for them.I felt that the score I received on the vocabulary portion was skillful in regards to vocabulary IQ because I do struggle with learning and comprehension, spelling, and vocabulary. I scored in the demoralize 21% rank for vocabulary, which isnt surprising because a large amount of words I didnt understand and was guessing. The scores seemed to favor people with a wide comprehensive vocabulary and people who are native English language speakers. What doesnt seem f air is for the people who struggle with aspects such as vocab are going to have low scores, which can hinder aspects where the scores of the Shipley are used as a deciding factor.Although boilers suit the abstract portion balanced out the combined score release me at a add up percentile ranking for the Shipley. Some sources of error that my affect the results of the test could be the time of day the test was pledgen, if each test was instructed in the same manner along with the other previously discussed examples. The Wonderlic intelligence test is more widely used in the work force and is used to evaluate and aid in hiring decisions. It intends to measure the general intelligence of adults in the business and industry field.The test consists of fifty questions that progressively get harder as they go on. The time limit is twelve minutes to terminated as many correct answers as possible. The test was not intended for people to complete in the elapse time. The internal consisten cy, test re-tests, and concurrent validity are all excellent for this test. This fire that this test is reliable and measures what it intendeds to measure. The SEM is much smaller than the Shipley at 1. 4. While having excellent standardization with a sample coat was 100,000 individuals.This test has been known as or called unfair, because for ESL individuals have a much harder time with the vocab and comprehension part. It could take them longer to read or understand certain aspects, which could slow them down and affect their scores for the test that could potentially decide who gets the job based on scores. The tests are scored and compare the standard score with the correspond grade level. Age is also a factor in this test to where the older you are the high number of points you can add to your final score.On this test I strongly agree with the root that this test is unfair because of the short time limit you are given to take the full test. to a fault the content on the te st may be examining your intellectual abilities but may not unite to the on the job aspect of learning or type of work duties. This is starting people glum who need accommodations such as longer test taking, anxiety, ESL individuals, and people struggle in school to work out lower than people who dont need these accommodations. It has been proven that certain ethnicity do better or worse on this test.So that alone is giving an advantage to a particular group because a portion of people start out with a disadvantage based on socioeconomic status, preparation, ethnicity, and parents education level. A source of error that can occur with this test could be the amount of time given to participants, time of day or beginning or ending of a school week and possibly ethnicity based on previous scores. The online intelligence test is used as a predictor of your academic achievements. It is measuring general intelligence this test used several of the subtests that were previously discuss ed.The marking was scaled by the ability to retain previous learned knowledge. The knowledge being tested was acquired through education and experience. What I learned about intelligence assessment was that there are many types of intelligence test and they each vary in aspects of testing. What I learned about my own intelligence was simply confirmed with the terce test results. Prior to the intelligence test I would have guested that my levels of intelligence was around average. Overall for all three test a consistent finding of an average IQ score was found later reviewing the results.For the first Shipley my standard score was right on the 100 mark that coordinates to the fifty percentile of the general scores of the Shipley. This is right on the average of overall scores for the Shipley. The Wonderlic showed similar results where I answered twenty-eight items scoring fifteen items correct out of fifty total items. The scoring was comparing your total score to the days of ed ucation completed. I scored in the tenth grade category with the cumulative ranking of 18. 72 when compared to adults and a 2. when compared to college graduates. When looking at the level of education completed the score puts me at grade level ten, which is right in the middle of the years of education. The interpreting of the WPT test results state that I may enter high school and will probably select classes that are on a less academic track. This is the last-place amount of educational success that is interpreted and I am on my way to achieving the highest level of definition being a college graduate. This test doesnt seem to be an accurate predication of education levels.Although my scores fall below the mean on this test it is fairly close to the overall mean. For the final online IQ test found that I was right around the overall mean again with my percentile ranking at 45% which is very close to the middle. Moreover I have confirmed through the three IQ test that I rank in t he overall average category. When comparing the IQ results to my class performance or GPA they do correlate. My cumulative GPA is 2. 5 which is right on the average for overall GPA, which relate to the three scores I received from the test confirming an average overall IQ and learning processing.With my GPA and the overall IQ test scores correlating can suggest that the IQ test are a good predictor or accurate predictor of GPA. Also can imply that GPA is a predictor of your overall intelligence. Looking at my overall data suggest that I am of average intelligence with strongly correlates with my GPA. I agree with the findings of average IQ score because it reflects my grades in school throughout high school and college and attitude about my cognitive functioning. Although I disagree that the test should be used as a predictor or and outcome variable for option decisions.

Phenomenology and Healthier Organismic Self

Exploring the edgeinology of the formulate Phenomenology and its etymology, fall ins me with an overture dating back to a long tradition of philosophical literature. I find it really difficult to chastise and explain what phenomenology means, because expressing signifi send packingt ideas of cardinal and only(a) philosopher, will exclude opposites, and my choices will contradict the very idea of what phenomenology is stolon to mean for me. Drawing examples from phenomenological theoretical rootages, I shall integrate in- individual experience to support what I infer by the term phenomenology.In brief, I am going to start to explain what I encounter somewhat the term Phenomenology by giving answers with references from theoretical sources. I shall, in no particular order on this essay, give examples to support the reason why I conceptualize phenomenology is important in Counselling and Psych separateapy. Lastly, I intent to discuss my current ability to understand my o wn, and an separate(a) persons instauration interpret with some examples.The term Phenomenology originates from the Hellenic develop phainomenon, meaning appearance, that which shows it egotism, and, logos meaning science or study. As Hans Cohn puts it, the Greek word phenomenon is derived from a verb meaning to appear, to arrest into the light, and logos, on the former(a) hand, is rooted in a Greek verb meaning to say. (Cohn, 19979-10). To me this suggests, come into light through speech, or enlighten oneself through speech. In unprejudiced terms phenomenology is the study of how things appear to be.In order to ac have it offledge the phenomenon of perception, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), developed a method from his former teachers philosophical intentionality, Franz Brentano (1838-1917) that explains how reality scum bagnot be grasped directly because it is avail commensurate only through perceptions of reality, which be representations of it in the bear in approximation. This is a method that attempts to describe phenomena with out(a) prior assumptions, by rejecting prior beliefs or consciousness nearly things, events and people.His site was to find a way to transcend subjectivity and understand phenomenon through experience as the source of conscious knowledge (Dermot Moran, 20021-22). He intended by this to suspend or bracket events, to go beyond the usual choices of perception to describe the things as they really argon. Husserls phenomenological method includes concepts of Noema, the object of our attention, or, blocks of meaning, knowledge to mean, the experience as it is experienced and the act of consciousness itself, or, process of conferring meaning, and Bracketing an act of suspending our prejudices and usual interpretations (Van Deurzen, 2005 154).At this stage, these concepts are helping me to frame old acknowledged blocks and consciously describe them. It is also helping me to bring to my sentiency some of my behaviour patterns, wh ich I was unaware of, or aware in hindsight, but unaware of their reasons. Husserls method is ingenious in that it brings to light my perspective dynamics (sense of reality, prejudices, family dynamics) and helps me to understand and realise how to locate my blocks. I can now begin to verbalise enigmatic reactions and unveil covert fears, when truth about my sheath and single(a) qualities begin to be more approachable and real.I very often rich person been lost in my own personal hi fable not knowing any other way out of it. This mat up up like a block in my life loosing touch, feeling alienated within myself and thitherfore, preventing the self to evoke towards other people as fully as I would wish. In my understanding of phenomenology in the above example, my own blocks can prevent me from living in the moment of now. The examples that will follow, there are so many another(prenominal) thoughts and emotions distracting me from the moment of now.Learning to obligate consc ious my personal assumptions in the form of noema, noesis and bracketing, an aspect of phenomenological drop-off called Epoche, was to learn how to suspend prejudice, frame a particular behaviour in focus, and examine the way I view things and people. I dont know if it is possible to translate this process of reduction in all layers of my behaviour. But what I do know, is that this reduction process has taught me to be aware, in a more awake state, of my hidden intentionality and to outcome responsibility, or better own my thoughts and actions consciously because very often I awaited for the blame outside of myself.And the search was not to be be outside, but the understanding of those reactions is to be found deep inside of me. Bracketing is necessary because the phenomenological inquiry is not mere fact-finding, it is the apprehension of intentional acts (Van Deurzen, 2005 154). Husserls non native Phenomenology hasnt particularly been followed by his students and former coll eagues such as Martin Heidegger (Spinelli, 19892-3). A remark from Paul Ricoeur follows that phenomenology is the story of the deviations from Husserl the history of phenomenology is the history of Husserlian heresies (Moran, 20022).I find that Husserls at the time controversial scientific opinions allows phenomenological progression. But his findings are a good basis to question what our true values are, to allow us to investigate our say-so to be good therapists. Why is the consanguinity amidst Phenomenological philosophy, Existential, Person- centred Counselling and Psychotherapy, important in counselling and mental hygiene? I very soon started to comprehend that phenomenology addresses key questions of piece beings experience and that this attempts to examine the process of essential human nature, without being indoctrinated by some fixed theory.Philosophers pull in written a great trade in about the nature of the self, and it is useful for psychotherapists to reflect i f they are addressing human issues of existence from the right angle or just emphasising one from an infinity of possibilities, or simply if the theory needs progression. One concern that I look relevant to consider is that psychotherapy, particularly existential and person-centred counselling, focus on the promotion of the lymph nodes autonomy (Sanders, 2004). Are the theories open enough to offer that autonomy, or are they in its effort to make sense of a state of mind, limiting its variability?In my opinion, it is essential to have an uncluttered mind which is free from unprejudiced assumptions when approaching psychotherapy and counselling. Existential therapists for example, put more emphasis on the existence, than on the essence through the phenomenological reduction, because they do not wish to suspend existence. Carl Rogerss (1902-1987) concept of phenomenology maintains that knowledge of individual perceptions of reality is required for the understanding of the human beha viour, and suggests that we live in accordance with our subjective awareness (Nye, 199297).Rogers believed that human beings need the right psychological and environmental conditions to allow the troubled self to change and find a healthier organismic self. Necessary and sufficient conditions of redress personality change (Kirshenbaum & Henderson, 1990219). There are troika core conditions out of the six sufficient conditions Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR), meaning truly evaluate the person as they are with no pre-conceived judgements intruding in the process of the relationship between client and guidance.Empathy, meaning listening carefully, leaves past my conditions of worth, and, Congruence, meaning genuine authoritativeity within the counselling relationship (Hough, 1998103-104). I found a way to process these conditions through phenomenology. I can translate the parallel between person-centred and existential psychotherapy, because for example, Rogerss therapy inv olves the therapists entry into the clients unique phenomenological world, without attempting to search for unconscious motives, but rather concentrate on immediate conscious experience and expectations (Sanders, 20044).These conditions have to be processed within myself first, before I can attempt to offer them to other people. To me, there was an intellectual and emotional understanding of how to integrate Rogers core conditions when with other people, but I was missing the link how to do it, because the theory snarl all very delicate, non-directive and shape for those who were born with those qualities. I wanted it to be part of my daily make up, but I many times regressed to old habits, and felt I was back to square zero.This is the reason why I think phenomenology is important in counselling and psychotherapy. It is a method that allows us to strip down any masks or shadows we have and work on many of our unprocessed conditions of worth, for a healthier organismic experiencin g. I have been fortunate to find the path to work on my true self, and something definitely happened in my conscious mind cause by the above attainment cues. I can honestly describe with some contentment that I am processing my projections successfully with my environmental relationships.The example that follows, describes a significant event that showed me I have brought into light what looked like a projection into my full conscious. Right at the beginning of the academic year, I used to hear one of my colleagues speak, and I used to feel some irritation. I didnt know the cause. It was only after the third week that I questioned myself the reason why because the symptom persisted. I wrote on my journal I feel I was quite disrespectful today towards grubby Sky when she was public speaking in the group experience. ( dingy Sky is a pseudonym name.I give all my course group colleagues a pseudonym name to keep their identity protected). I reflected on my interrupting her several time s while she was speaking. Interrupting felt intruding because something was not flowing. I like no-count Sky but I have incertain feelings towards her. I still dont know what and why I feel the way I do. She is lovely and warm and welcoming and emotionally intelligent Today, my tutors introduced philosophy to the group. It is fascinating to be introduced to the question about subjectivity.Our subjective truth is based on our subjective human experience. Is this going to help me to find out about my incognitos? I dont want to be lost in my own personal history and yet I do want to know all those parts of me that hurt and why. In learning phenomenology and the wish to get acquainted with those parts of me that remain unclear, provoked some sort of brew threatening sensation. Nevertheless, over the next few weeks I went through a very painful learning curve. Phenomenology helped me to discover my irritability about Blue Sky.After class, we took the train together and we were talki ng fluidly, when all of sudden, that cloudy gravelly sensation about her smitten back again, and I find it affected my congruent and empathic responses towards her. She must have felt it because our conversation fell flat. When she left the train, I knew it wasnt her doing. I knew I was transferring something pluck deep in me. I couldnt write my journal for the rest of the journey as I usually do, and was suspended over that event that just happened.I went back to that feeling that made me feel that way, and I connected the event. I knew somebody 24 years ago that looked like Blue Sky. I was struck by the physical and verbal similarities and even more surprised how the arms and body expressions are so similar. Why didnt I see that before? She was my then husbands ex-girl-friend. It was a very painful experience at the time, because she didnt seem to be able to forget him, and I could see her pain, and with that she was hurting my relationship with my husband by not wanting to gi ve him up.Linking the irritation about Blue Sky with a totally unconnected old event, is proof that unresolved emotional and psychological experiences impedes reciprocal interaction and communication with another person in the present. For this reason, I was so happy to release Blue Sky out of my perception, and see her for what she really is. On that same week another projection towards one of my tutors was resolved, and when I discovered what it was, I experienced that same relieved sensation. I am now able to see my tutor for whom he is showing to be and not for what I was projecting.To me this is a sign that I am learning to identify my introjects, and not just let the natural attitude react as the victim of my conditions of worth. I feel that I am growing towards my potential, in Rogerian terms called actualising tendency, for a healthier organismic self (Mearns & Thorne, 198811-14). In Gestalt terms this is described as wakeless cycle, the drive towards actualisation of the self (Clarkson, 198927). Although these projections were resolved, I continued to feel a threatening sensation that there was more to come and I even felt physically sick over a period of two weeks with sleepless symptoms and anxiety.I felt all my toxicities were coming to the surface as a result of this process and told this to the group. All the present ban experiences were mirrored in the way I was articulating myself. The group reacted very strongly when I used the word toxic to describe myself, and said that they didnt experience me that way. It was with the group process that I realised I was using punitive self-description, such as I am toxic, that were introjects from a significant others values imposed upon me.I was beginning to believe those descriptions about me, and owning them. My language was showing self-condemnation in front of the group, but in truth I was using the group as a healthy pillar, or in Gestalt (form) terms, healthy cycle, to test my organismic experien ce of failure, and to examine the accuracy of my introjects (Clarkson, 198927). What came to the surface was how I feel vulnerable and unsupported at home. This showed me a dysfunction in the boundary disturbance of my nonpublic cycle, and a disclosure of my coping mechanisms.By believing the negative description of my significant other, Im pickings in the other persons projection. I showed therefore a coping mechanism called confluence, which is a merging sense of self with the projection of the other. Patricia Clarkson explains that Fritz Perls saw these coping mechanisms only as neurotic when used chronically and inappropriately they are useful and healthy when authentically chosen temporarily The other persons negative view of me is often things they cannot acknowledge or accept in themselves.There are other three most important psychological coping mechanisms, out of the seven fixed Gestalts called, introjection, meaning to take in values without questioning them projection, as explained above, and retroflection meaning inability to externalise emotion, the act of order a difficult emotion such as anger at oneself rather than at somebody who has provoked the emotion (Clarkson, 198942-45). What I have learned from these experiences is how some of my own subjectivities and defences can get in the way of being open to other people.I would be carrying a false-self when offering non-judgemental acceptance, empathic and genuineness towards others, if I havent inwardly processed my conditions of worth. This process of dismantling my projections so intensely are suddenly essential in that I am responsible for knowing myself to the fullest of my capacity before I come in serious helping contact with clients. There is a danger of not resolving blocks that can interfere with a therapeutic relationship, in that clients can construct the projection of the counsellor.This is why I think phenomenology is important in counselling and psychotherapy, because it helps us to put in practice the process of identifying our troubles and put it aside in order to be able to understand another persons world view to the fullest of our competency. I do befriending volunteering once a week, and I noticed that my listening skills have improved and that my natural attitude for interpreting is decreasing, leaving room for the client to find meaning in the description of their feelings.I noticed that the quality of the relationship with some of my clients is deepening in that we are allowing more sensitive layers of hurt to surface. Clients on the search of a healthier organismic self will benefit the most from a therapeutic relationship when the counsellor can facilitate deepest understanding for the clients perception of their world. This is only possible, if the counsellor has developed skills to discern about what is the clients concern and what is the counsellors projection.A good relationship can only be built as far as a counsellors skills facilitate th e client to feel the space is theirs to explore in the present. Irvin Yalom puts beautifully, a therapist helps a long-suffering not by sifting through the past but by being lovingly present with that person by being trustworthy, interested and by believing that their joint activity will in the long run be redemptive and healing (Yalom, 1989227).Just as I thought I have learned a substantial amount of phenomenological theory to expand openness in my thinking process, with the aim to prepare me to understand myself, and then another persons worldview, I read about Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). I find Sartres concept of nothingness, that human beings are essentially emptiness and that we are constantly creating and reinventing ourselves, mind blowing. The human calamity is that we aspire to being definite and fixed as objects are human paradox on the one hand we are nothing definite and, because of this, on the other hand we are able to become many different things Sartre would c all what I described in the above paragraphs about introjects, bad religion as an important human strategy. To be in bad faith is to perform role-plays in the here-and-now to get laid with situations (van Deurzen, 199745- 48).In conclusion, phenomenology has opened gates to infinite possibilities of thinking consciously, supplying me with more space to understand how to be with other people. It is hardly surprising and I can understand why psychotherapy considers to draw wisdom from phenomenological philosophy, because there seams to be a flux with no fix point to allow further exploration of the human distinctive many layered qualities. What is special and significant about this Phenomenological movement is its evolving history in search for truth in perceptions and beyond perceptions.My argument that my ability to understand another persons world view, lies in my ability to comprehend and integrate all of the above discussed theoretical processes in my behaviour. The vignette B lue Sky illustrates my present ability to recognise limits in my character and the willingness to change. I have set myself in an un-compromised path to know myself profoundly for both the benefit of my self-development and ultimately for the benefit of my future clients.I can choose the state of my mind and the emotions attached to it, and that therefore, interactions between me and other people will be of an egalitarian and vernacular understanding. The examples I gave about my tutor and voluntary placement with clients, illustrate my endeavour to be fully authentic and transparent in all parts of me, including the understanding of relationships phenomenon. I could give other examples of how interactions with other people were successful, but they would have not demonstrated the difficulties and the painful metamorphosis I am going through towards the route of understanding myself, and others.