Cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling Essay Example for Free

Cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselor-at-law EssayThis stress is written to compare the counselling relationship in person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling by outlining both the theory and convention of the counselling relationship. This will be done by outlining the theory of the counselling relationships and the theory in practice. both person-centred and cognitive-behavioural counselling are widely recognised, successful treatments. There are however many signifi rout outt differences amidst the two. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is based on scientific study taking two therapies, cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy, and combining the two. behavioral therapy is based on the fact that people can learn behaviours through classical conditioning, which was first enter by Ivan Pavlov at the end of the nineteenth century, and operant conditioning (Skinner, 1953. ) Therapists believed what the behavioural therapists were dish uping their knobs to do , such as encouraging self- assertion and self-understanding to uphold develop unfermented approaches to dealing with life, incorporate a wide upchuck of cognitive buttes including decision-making and problem-solving. Beck (1976) founded cognitive-behavioural therapy after becoming disillusioned by psychoanalytic methods. (McLeod J. 008)Person-centred counselling is a non-scientific therapy developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. It is a humanistic approach where it is believed that the client needs to feel valued and understood for them to be able to develop a self-awareness so they are able to deal with any laborious situation they feel they are in, giving them the power to change their own lives. Person-centred therapy is non-direct approach where the therapist and client develop an equal friendship to develop trust between the two, creating a safe sanative environs which enables the client to figure out what makes them the expression they are.When the client b egins to trust their feelings and become emotionally confident they can begin to find the answers to their own problems in spite of appearance themselves. For this to happen a core conditions model is in place. Without these conditions this typesetters case of therapy would not be effective (Rogers, C. 1957. ) Therapist- invitee Psychological Contact- A relationship which two people incur disturb on each other and the therapist needs to be engaged by the client. Client incongruence, or Vulnerability- The client needs to be in a state of incongruence, feel that their real self is not how they would ideally like be.The client is also vulnerable to anxiousness which means they will be move stay in the relationship. (McLeod, J. 2008) Therapist Congruence or Genuineness- The therapist needs to be congruent within the therapeutic relationship- needs to be genuine in dealing with the client and use their own realize to enable the relationship. Unconditional Positive Regard- The thera pist needs to have unconditional positive regard for the client. Acceptance, empathy and authenticity without judgement, is needed for the client to feel a higher sense of self-regard so they can relieve oneself that their self-worth was distorted by others.The therapist needs to accept the client for who they are now, not what they could become. Empathetic understanding- high-fidelity empathy on behalf of the therapist can help the client believe that the therapist has unconditional love for them. Client Perception- If the therapist communicates to the client their unconditional regard and empathetic understanding to at least a token(prenominal) degree this is effective. In contrast cognitive-behavioural therapy is a direct approach where clients are taught how to think and behave in ways in which enables them to obtain their goals.They are not told what it is they want, but instead how to achieve the goals they may have this develops a student (client) and teacher (therapist) r elationship. In order for this to be successful, intervention techniques are used to batten that the goals agreed with the client is met. (Haaga and Davison1986, Meichenbaum 1986) These include Systematic desensitization- a relaxation technique is taught to help the client to conquer anxiety to enable them to extinguish their phobias. Once this has been learnt the client must use this to enable them to overcome these by using a worry hierarchy.Homework assignments- practicing techniques learnt in therapy between sessions. Experimenting with different self- statements in everyday situations. conceit stopping- instead of letting anxious thought take over the client learns to use something to interrupt these thoughts such as flicking a rubber band on their wrist. Challenging irrational number beliefs- the therapist tries to identify the clients irrational beliefs that are causing issues in their life and challenges it so that the client develops a less extreme way they view the pr oblem.Reframing the issues getting the client to perceive a certain emotion as something different. An example of this is perceiving fear as excitement. In vivo exposure- going into highly fearful situations with the therapist whilst they are talking through cognitive-behavioural techniques to help you deal with the situation. Scaling feelings- placing present feeling of anxiety and rating them on a scale mop up 0-100 is an example of this. Rehearsing different self-statements in role-play in therapy sessions. Assertiveness or social skills training.Although a therapeutic relationship is important in both practices, cognitive -behavioural therapists believe this is not sufficient enough alone to help clients work through their problems, and while many therapists have different styles the main cognitive behavioural therapy course have an outlined structure in place. (Kuehnel and Liberman 1986 Freeman and Simon 1989,) which is the main focus. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is more c lient action oriented to produce a change in the way they think which then will lead to a change in the way the client will behave.However in Person-centred therapy a therapeutic process is put in place as a series of stages. These stages help promote a therapeutic change in the client or a process of greater openness to experience (McLeod, J. 2008. ) (Rogers, C. 1951) considered the concern of therapeutic growth as including the awareness of the clients of any experiences they have been denied. They stop seeing the world in a generalised view and begin to see it differently. This enables them to rely on their personal experience to do their own set of values.These personal developments lead to a reorganization of self (Rogers, C. 1951) and is vital to develop new behaviours. In conclusion although both approaches to counselling realise that a counselling relationship is important, person-centred therapists believe that the counselling experience and effectiveness of the therapy i s determined solely on that of the relationship. Cognitive-behavioural therapists find, through past experiments other techniques, such as systematic desensitization and behavioural self-control, are equally important to the success of the therapy.